|
Jan. 7.
|
Lecture 1.
|
What this course is about? Course structure
and logistic
|
|
Jan. 14.
|
Lecture 2.
|
Introductory survey
|
|
Jan. 21.
|
No Class
|
|
Jan. 28.
|
Lecture 3.
|
Impacts of aerosols on clouds/precipitation in the Arctic: In-search for observational
evidence
Background materials
|
|
|
|
Presentation by Terry Lathem
|
|
|
Required reading
|
Girard, E., Jean-Pierre Blanche, and Y. Dubois, Effects of arctic sulphuric acid
aerosols on wintertime low-level atmospheric ice crystals, humidity and temperature
at Alert, Nunavut. Atmospheric Research 73, Issues 1-2, 2005.
PDF copy
Garrett, T. J. and C. Zhao, Increased Arctic cloud longwave emissivity associated
with pollution from mid-latitudes. Nature, 440, 10.1038/nature04636, 787-789, 2006.
PDF copy
|
|
|
Recommended reading (for Lectures 3-4):
|
Quinn, P. K., Shaw, G., Andrews, E., Dutton, E. G., Ruoho-Airola, T., and Gong,
S. L.: Arctic. Haze: Current trends and knowledge gaps, Tellus, 59B, 99-114, 2007.
PDF copy
Law, K.S., and A. Stohl, Arctic Air Pollution: Origins and Impacts. Science 315.
no. 5818, pp. 1537 - 1540, 2007.
PDF copy
|
|
Feb. 4
|
Lecture 4.
|
Impacts of aerosols on clouds/precipitation in the Arctic: Insights from models
|
|
|
|
Presentation by Zheng Lu
Summary of Lectures 3-4
|
|
|
Required reading
|
Hansen, J., and L. Nazarenko, Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos. Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci., 101, 423-428, doi:10.1073/pnas.2237157100, 2004.
PDF copy
Lohmann, U., J. Zhang, and J. Pi, 2003: Sensitivity study of the effect of increased
aerosol concentrations and snow crystal shapes on the snowfall rate in the Arctic.
J. Geophys. Res., 108, doi: 10.1029/2003JD003377.
PDF copy
|
|
|
|
|
Feb. 11
|
Lecture 5.
|
How aerosols affect marine low level warm clouds and drizzle
Background Materials
|
|
|
|
Presentation by Prashant Kumar
|
|
|
Required reading
|
Xue, H., and G. Feingold, Large eddy simulations of tradewind cumuli: Investigation
of aerosol indirect effects. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1605-1622, 2006.
PDF Copy
Guo, H., Penner, J. E., Herzog, M., and Pawlowska, H., Examination of the aerosol
indirect effect under contrasting environments during the ACE-2 experiment, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 7, 535-548, 2007.
PDF Copy
|
|
|
Recommended reading
|
Pawlowska, H., and J. Brenguier, An observational study of drizzle formation in
stratocumulus clouds for general circulation model (GCM) parameterizations, J. Geophys.
Res., 108(D15), 8630, doi:10.1029/2002JD002679, 2003.
PDF Copy
Lohmann U. and J. Fletcher, Global indirect aerosol effects: a review. Atmos. Chem.
Phys, 5, 715-737, 2005.
PDF Copy
V. Ramanathan, P. J. Crutzen, J. T. Kiehl, and D. Rosenfeld, Aerosols, climate,
and the hydrological cycle. Science, Vol. 294. no. 5549, pp. 2119 - 2124, DOI:10.1126/science.
1064034, 2001.
PDF Copy
|
|
Feb. 18
|
Lecture 6.
|
How aerosols affect deep convective clouds and precipitation
Background materials for Lectures 6-7
|
|
|
Required reading
|
Khain et al., Aerosol impact on the dymanics and microphysics of deep convectice
clouds. Q.J.R.Meteorol. Soc. 131, 2639-2663, 2005.
PDF Copy
|
|
Feb. 25
|
Lecture 7.
|
Cloud type-dependent aerosol effects on precipitation
|
|
|
|
Presentation by Wei-Chun Hsieh
Summary of Lectures 5-7
|
|
|
Required reading
|
Tao et al., Role of atmospheric aerosol concentration on deep convective precipitation:
Cloud-resolving model simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24S18, doi:10,1029/2007JD008728,
2007.
PDF Copy
|
|
|
Recommended reading
|
Rauber et al., Rain in Shallow Cumulus Over the Ocean: The RICO Campaign. BAMS 88,
12, DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-88-12-1912, 2007.
PDF copy
Matsui et al., Impact of aerosols and atmospheric thermodynamics on cloud properties
within the climate system. Geophys. Res. Letters, 31(6), L06109, 10.1029/2003GL019287,
2004.
PDF copy
|
|
Mar. 3
|
Lecture 8.
|
How urban air pollution affects precipittaion
|
|
|
|
Presentation by Erica Alston
|
|
|
Required reading
|
Jirak, I.L., and W.R. Cotton, Effect of air pollution on precipitation along the
Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology,
45, 236-245, 2006.
PDF copy
van den Heever, S., and W.R. Cotton, Urban aerosol impcats on downwind convective
storms. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 46, 828-850, 2007.
PDF copy
|
|
|
Recommended reading
|
Rosenfeld, D., Suppression of rain and snow by urban and industrial air pollution.
Science, 287, 1793-1796, 2000.
PDF copy
Shepherd, J.M., A review of current investigations of urban-induced rainfall and
recomendations for the future. Earth Intercations 9, 2005.
PDF copy
|
|
March 10
|
Lecture 9.
|
How smoke affects cloud and precipitation
|
|
|
|
Presentation by Xin Xi
|
|
|
Required reading
|
Lin, J.C., T. Matsui, R.A. Pielke Sr., and C. Kummerow, Effects of biomass burning-derived
aerosols on precipitation and clouds in the Amazon Basin: A satellite-based empirical
study. Journal of Geophysical Research – Aerosol and Clouds. 111, D19204, doi:10.1029/2005JD006884,
2006.
PDF Copy
Feingold, G., H. Jiang, and J. Y. Harrington, On smoke suppression of clouds in
Amazonia. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L02804, 10.1029/2004GL021369, 2005.
PDF copy
|
|
|
Recommended reading
|
Andreae M.O, D. Rosenfeld, P. Artaxo, A. A. Costa, G. P. Frank, K. M. Longo, and
M. A. F. Silva- Dias: Smoking rain clouds over the Amazon. Science, 303, 1337-1342,
2004.
PDF copy
Koren, I., Y. J. Kaufman, L. A. Remer, and J. V. Martins, Measurement of the Effect
of Amazon Smoke on Inhibition of Cloud Formation. Science 303 (5662), 1342 - 1345,
2004.
PDF copy
|
|
March 17
|
NO CLASS.
|
Spring break
|
|
March 24
|
Lecture 10.
|
How mineral aerosols can affects cloud and precipitation
|
|
|
|
Presentation by Hyung-Jin Choi
|
|
|
Required reading
|
Rudich, Y., D. Rosenfeld and O. Khersonsky, Treating clouds with a grain of salt,
Geophysical Research Letters, 29(21) 10.1029/2002GL016055, 2002.
PDF copy
Levin, Z., A. Teller, E. Ganor, and Y. Yin, On the interactions of mineral dust,
sea-salt particles, and clouds: A measurement and modeling study from the Mediterranean
Israeli Dust Experiment campaign. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D20202, doi:10.1029/2005JD005810,
2005.
PDF copy
|
|
|
Recommended reading
|
Rosenfeld, D., Y. Rudich, and R. Lahav, Desert dust suppressing precipitation: A
possible desertification feedback loop. PNAS, 98, 5975 - 5980, 2001.
PDF copy
Yin, Y., and L. Chen, The effects of heating by transported dust layers on cloud
and precipitation: a numerical study. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3497–3505, 2007
PDF copy
|
|
March 31
|
Lecture 11.
|
Can dust cause droughts?
|
|
|
|
Presentation by Anton Darmenov
Summary of Lectures 10-11
|
|
|
Required reading
|
Cook et al., Dust and sea surface temperature forcing of the 1930’s ‘Dust Bowl’
drought. Geohp. Res. Letters, subm., 2008.
PDF copy
Yoshioka et al., Impact of Desert Dust Radiative Forcing on Sahel Precipitation:
Relative Importance of Dust Compared to Sea Surface Temperature Variations, Vegetation
Changes, and Greenhouse Gas Warming. Journal of Climate, 20, 1445-1467, 2007.
PDF copy
|
|
|
Recommended reading
|
Miller, R., I. Tegen, and J. Perlwitz, 2004: Surface radiative forcing by soil dust
aerosols and the hydrologic cycle. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D04203, doi:10.1029/2003JD004085.
PDF copy
|
|
April 7
|
Lecture 12.
|
Main mechanisms through which aerosols might affect precipitation: contrasting soot
and dust aerosols
|
|
|
|
Discussion
|
|
|
Recommended reading
|
Menon, S. 2004. Current uncertainties in assessing aerosol effects on climate. Ann.
Rev. Environ. Resources 29, 1-30, doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.29.063003.132549
PDF copy
|
|
April 14
|
Lecture 13.
|
Course summary
|
|
|
|
Discussion
Impacts of BC: Summary
Impacts of Dust: Summary
Impacts of Sulfates: Summary
|
|
April 21
|
Lecture 14.
|
Course summary
|
|
|
|
Discussion
|
|
|
Recommended reading
|
WMO/IUGG INTERNATIONAL AEROSOL PRECIPITATION SCIENCE ASSESSMENT GROUP(IAPSAG)
Aerosol Pollution Impact on Precipitation: A Scientific Review
PDF copy
|